French and Indian War Provoked the American Revolution Essay

The French and Indian war was the event that provoked the American Revolution. The French and Indian war or Seven years war, lead to certain events that caused Americans to realize that their English liberties were being denied. The French and Indian war caused debts among the British. The British realized that during the war the income from the colonies was insufficient (document F). After the war, the British needed certain ways in which to gain revenue. They imposed taxes on the Colonists. These taxes, in turn, caused a stir among Americans. The Stamp Act was a tax imposed on the colonists without representation (document H). Their liberties as English citizens were being denied. Radical Whigs would go as far to say it†¦show more content†¦Radical Whigs saw this as a conspiracy because the French did not have rule by law or trial juries. French were Catholic, and Americans saw this as a deal between the corrupt papacy and King George to return to Catholicism. This caused more unrest in the colonies. There were also many reluctant revolutionaries. Americans considered themselves English and thought they deserved the same rights as Englishmen. Governors and Generals did not believe Americans were Englishmen. They treated the Americans badly. William Pitt’s policy of impressments upset many Americans. He took men off boats and forced them into the army where they were not treated like Englishmen. He also seized supplies for his men from American citizens. However, Americans did not want to secede from Britain. Benjamin Franklin, a reluctant revolutionary, believed that Americans should have English rights but should still be loyal to the Crown (document F). After the French and Indian war, permanent troops were stationed in America because Britain felt America needed more protection. Americans were forced to house these troops. Americans felt their liberties as Englishmen were being undermined. They thought that they should not have to house troops they did not want there in the first place. Radical Whigs thought it was a conspiracy because once troops were stationed in the colonies Britain would easily be able to haveShow MoreRelatedEssay On The Causes Of The French And American Revolution1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe American, French, Haitian, and Mexican revolutions are epitomes of responsible citizens advocating for social and political upheaval in hopes of saving and furthering their states. These revolutions, more than others, exemplify nations that rebelled against governments which maliciously abused their power. The American Revolution focused on achieving independence from Britain, as Britain abused their power by unfairly taxing colonists. The Mexican Revolution concentrated on eliminating dictatorshipRead MoreCompare and Contrast He American and British Views Regarding the French and Indian War.604 Words   |  3 PagesThe French and Indian War, was a war fought between France and Britain. The war was the product of an imperial struggle, a clash between the French and English over colonial territory and wealth. Great Britain claimed that the French provoked war by building forts along the Ohio River Valley. Virginia’s governor sent a militia to the French and Native American allies. The war started out badly for Great Britain, about 2,000 British and colonial troops were defeated by the French and Native AmericansRead MoreMakena Compoc. Professor Sturdevant. 5/5/2017. Why Did1170 Words   |  5 PagesTaking a look at the events that led up to the American Revolution, one could assume that eventually the 13 colonies were going to rebel against Britain. 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The Millon Clinical Multiaxial IIi - 875 Words

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial III (MCMI-III) is a frequently used self-report personality inventory (Magalhaes, Magalhaes, Noblitt, and Lewis, 2012). Millon theorized that certain personality prototypes are directly related to certain disorders. This test takes approximately 25 minutes to complete (Choca, Widiger, 2001). This version does include an optional Correctional Report to be used with the inmate population. The MCMI-III is used to evaluate individuals for interpersonal, emotional, or behavioral difficulties (Millon et al., 1994). The Millon Clinical Multiaxial IV (MCMI-IV) was recently released, however due to lack of published studies it will not be utilized in this review (Millon et al. The MCMI-III is a widely utilized†¦show more content†¦The 175 items are self report true-false items. The MCMI-III measures 14 personality disorders and 10 clinical syndromes (Strack, Millon, 2007). It utilizes an ordinal scale to measure how well the examinee fit the cons tructs being measured. Each construct is split into two groups of items. One type of item (prototype) represents features that are unique to a disorder, and the other type of item (peripheral) represents features that may be similar to different construct item (Strack, Millon, 2007). This accounts for why there is so much crossover between constructs. The prototypal items are weighted two and the peripheral items are only weighted one. The item weighting system of the MCMI-III was changed to a two point system in comparison to the three point systems used in previous versions (Craig Bivens, 1998). The 24 scales are broken down into four sections designed to distinguish between the personality characteristics (Axis II) and the disorder displayed (Axis I) (Millon et al., 1994). The moderate personality disorder scales consist of Schizoid, Avoidant, Depressive, Dependent, Histrionic, Narcissistic, Antisocial, Aggressive, Compulsive, Passive-Aggressive, and Self-defeating disor ders (Millon et al., 1997). Schizotypal, Borderline, and Paranoid Disorder make up the severe personality pathology scales (Millon et al., 1997). The moderate clinical syndrome scale is composed of Anxiety, Somatoform, Bipolar: Manic, Dysthymia, alcoholShow MoreRelatedThe Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory IIi1875 Words   |  8 PagesThe Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III) was first presented in 1994 during a meeting of the American Psychological Association (Retziaff, 1996). This edition of the assessment along with the MCMI and the MCMI-II editions were developed by Theodore Millon, his daughter C. Millon and colleagues R. Davis and S. Grossman. 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Marketing Ethics Theory and Pedagogy Method

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Ethics for Theory and Pedagogy Method. Answer: Introduction: The primary objective of this paper is to utilize ethical theories in analyzing the concept of autonomous cars, especially if any such vehicle crashes down, causing fatal accidents. The entire discussion would be based on an incident reported by Corinne Iozzio in the online edition of the Scientific American. Autonomous cars. Autonomous cars or self-driving cars are defined be defined as intelligent vehicles capable of monitoring their environment by themselves and navigating on the roadways without any human intervention (Gerla et al. 2014). Experts in the domain of automobile engineering are of the opinion that the growing interest of the car manufacturing organizations in the production of autonomous or self-driving cars is primarily because of the fact that such cars are theoretically much more reliable than those driven by human beings (Le Vine, Zolfaghari Polak, 2015). The confidence on the capability of such automated vehicles is primarily due to the fact that these vehicles utilize a wide range of technical tools like that of lidar, radar, computer vision, and GP for ensuring safe navigation. The incident. On May 1, 2016, the Scientific American published an article by Corinne Iozzio, which reports a crash caused by one of Googles self driven cars, a modified Lexus SUV. The accident occurred on 14th of February of the same year, at Mountain View in Calif. The car had detected certain obstacles in its own path and had thus steered into the central lane to avoid the same. Within a few seconds, the car rammed into the side of a bus (Iozzio, 2017). According to the information logs available from the test driver,' the intelligence systems included in the car had indeed noticed the presence of the car but had considered that it was the duty of the bus driver to slow down and let the car pass. The writer has also pointed out the fact that although this was the first case of Googles self-driving cars crashing due to non-human errors, these vehicles have experienced several cases resulting from harsh driving of other drivers in the past. Such being the circumstances, the followin g sections of the paper would be utilized for analyzing the concept of self-driven cars from the perspective of ethical theories, so as to determine who should be held responsible in case an autonomous car crashes. The Utilitarian theory. The first theory that we would consider for discussing the ethical aspects of the concept of autonomous cars is that of Utilitarianism. Researchers Kahane et al. (2015) are of the opinion that Utilitarianism is one of those concepts of ethics that justifies any action based on the utility of the same. On the other hand, researchers Chiu et al. (2014) are of the opinion that the utility of any concept or product can be defined in terms of several aspects, the most common one being the welfare of all living beings of the planet. Again, Jeremy Bentham, who is often considered as the founder of the Utilitarian theory has a different definition of utility : he considers the utility of any product or process to be simply the sum of advantages available from the same minus the displeasures caused during the utilization of the same (Schneider, 2014). When the concept of utility as defined by Jeremy Bentham is considered, we find that advantages available from the concept of self-driving cars are essentially manifold: the accuracy and precision mastered by such cars can be utilized to navigate safely through busy roadways without any human intervention. In fact, such vehicles can be successfully utilized for highlighting the quality of lives of people having physical and/ or mental disabilities by reducing their dependencies on others. Such vehicles are capable of taking over the control of driving from human drivers under drastic situations, thus avoiding fatal errors. However, the sole disadvantage lies in the fact that any glitch in the intelligence system of the vehicles would invariably result in fatal accidents. The point that should be considered in this situation that the car owner would have no option of taking over the control of the vehicle in case the same malfunctions. Thus, the sole disadvantage of the entire process would essentially rise from defective machinery or software systems provided by the manufacturing company. Thus, the responsibility of such car crashes should essentially be taken by the automobile organizations producing the same. The Deontological theory. Deontology is that particular ethical concept that takes into consideration the rules and regulations associated with any action before judging the morality of the same (Kehoe, 2015). The writer of the article, Corinne Iozzio, has pointed out the fact that the Obama administration has already started working on developing national regulation dictating the production and utilization of such autonomous cars. However, the author has also commented that from the ethico-legal perspective, the automobile manufacturers are solely responsible for the shift in the role of drivers and would thus bear the responsibility of any crashes caused by intelligent driving systems installed in autonomous cars. It has already been established that under no circumstances can the self-driving car owners be held responsible for any crashes. Thus, from the perspective of Deontological theory, the idea of the car manufacturers taking responsibilities of crashes sounds both logical and ethical. The Virtue theory. Researcher Hursthouse (2013) defines the term virtue as those positive characteristics the possession of which makes a human being to be considered as a good person.' Virtue ethics is that particular ethical theory that emphasizes on the virtue and/or characteristics of any entity, before making judgments regarding the actions taken by the same (Youpa, 2013). The positive and negative characteristics of the Autonomous cars have already been identified in the preceding sections of the paper. However, the point that has to be considered in this context is that both the positive and negative characters of self-driven cars are determined by the hardware and software technologies utilized by the manufacturing organizations. Since the characteristics of the self-driven car are determined by the manufacturer's end, malfunctioning of the same should be considered as their sole responsibility. Thus, even when the Virtue theory is considered, the responsibility of crashes caused by self-driving cars should be borne entirely by the manufacturing organization. The Contract theory. The social contract theory, according to Skyrms (2014), is that particular ethical theory that considers the moral obligations of two parties to be dependent on the agreement or contract that exist in between them. The automobile manufacturing organizations that produce and market self-driven car would indeed have sales agreements with their customers, thus guaranteeing the delivery of quality products. Now, it has already been disused that autonomous vehicles are installed with the state of the art technologies that assist them in monitoring their surroundings. On the other hand, these vehicles rely solely on the artificial intelligence software installed in them so as to make navigational decisions. Thus, it can be easily comprehended that the sales agreement made by the car manufacturers includes the guarantee that the said components would function properly. Therefore, the cases of crashing of such cars due to non-human errors should be considered as the responsibilities of the car manufacturers as such instances can be directly associated with the malfunctioning of technical components. In the preceding section of the paper, detailed discussions have been presented regarding the technological aspects of self-driving cars, so as to highlight the functionalities and utilities of such vehicles. These discussions have been followed by the analysis of the incident being considered and the 4 most prominent ethical theories of Utilitarianism, Deontology, Contract Theory and Virtue theory has been utilized in the sane. It is worth mentioning that the individual application of the said theories on the reported incident have to lead us to believe that the car manufacturing organizations should take the blame when nonhuman errors lead to the crashing of self driving cars. Bibliography Chiu, C. M., Wang, E. T., Fang, Y. H., Huang, H. Y. (2014). Understanding customers' repeat purchase intentions in B2C e?commerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value and perceived risk.Information Systems Journal,24(1), 85-114. Gerla, M., Lee, E. K., Pau, G., Lee, U. (2014, March). Internet of vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular clouds. InInternet of Things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE World Forum on(pp. 241-246). IEEE. Hursthouse, R. (2013). Normative virtue ethics.ETHICA,645. Iozzio, C. (2017). Who's Responsible When a Car Controls the Wheel?. Retrieved 19 January 2017, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/who-s-responsible-when-a-self-driving-car-crashes Kahane, G., Everett, J. A., Earp, B. D., Farias, M., Savulescu, J. (2015). Utilitarianjudgments in sacrificial moral dilemmas do not reflect impartial concern for the greater good.Cognition,134, 193-209. Kehoe, W. J. (2015). Marketing Ethics: Theory and Pedagogy. InProceedings of the 1982 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 261-264). Springer International Publishing. Le Vine, S., Zolfaghari, A., Polak, J. (2015). Autonomous cars: The tension between occupant experience and intersection capacity.Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies,52, 1-14. Lin, P. (2016). Why ethics matters for autonomous cars. InAutonomous Driving(pp. 69-85). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Schneider, R. C. (2014). Utilitarian Moral Theory: Parallels between a Sport Organization and Society. Shafer-Landau, R. (2014). The fundamentals of ethics. Skyrms, B. (2014).Evolution of the social contract. Cambridge University Press. Slattery, K. L. (2014). Ethics and journalistic standards: An examination of the relationship between journalism codes of ethics and deontological moral theory.The ethics of journalism: Individual, institutional and cultural influences, 147-164. Youpa, A. (2013). Descartes's Virtue Theory.Essays in Philosophy,14(2), 4.